Formation and branching patterns of deep palmar arch

Bilateral incomplete superficial palmar arch

Introduction Superficial palmar arch (SPA) is the dominant vascular structure of the hand and is mainly formed by the anastomosis of ulnar artery (UA) with superficial branch of radial artery (RA), or arteria radialis indicis or arteria princeps pollicis from RA. A classical type of SPA is described as direct continuity between UA and superficial branch of RA confirms the presence of collateral...

The Incomplete Superficial Palmar Arch

INTRODUCTION Superficial palmar arch (SPA) is dominant vascular structure in palm of hand. In present study we described a case of Ulnar / Radiopalmar pattern of incomplete SPA in an Iranian cadaver. When the SPA is complete, the superficial palmer branches of the radial artery contribute to the ulnar artery. In incomplete type of SPA, there was no anastomosis between the ulnar and radial arter...

Variations in the formation of superficial palmar arch and its clinical significance in hand surgeries

Subcutaneous superficial palmar arch – an unusual variant

Introduction Arterial arches of hand are the major blood supply to the structures in the hand. The two arches, superficial and deep palmar arches make an important anastomose between the radial and ulnar arteries. Superficial palmar arch (SPA) is formed by direct continuation of ulnar artery, i.e. superficial palmar branch, completed on lateral side by one of the three branches of radial artery...

simulation and experimental studies for prediction mineral scale formation in oil field during mixing of injection and formation water

abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...